Moemoeā
Te Whakamārama
Te moe whakaara (Hypnosis) he tukanga hinengaro me tinana e whakamahi ana i te whakaaweawe, te whakapono, me te arotahi kia whakawhanakehia he tūnga ngāwari, he tūnga whakarongo mō te tangata (te kaikōwhiri). Ehara i te moe tūturu; he tūnga arotahi hōhonu, he whakawhanake i te urupounamu o te hinengaro. Ko te whāinga matua ko te whakamahi i tēnei tūnga hei whakatika i ngā wero pērā i te mate hinengaro, te mamae tinana, te whakamutunga i ngā mahi kino, me te whakapiki i te angitu.
Hītori
Te Ao Whānui
Ko ngā pūrākau o ngā iwi taketake puta noa i te ao e kōrero ana mō ngā tikanga rite ki te moe whakaara, pērā i ngā tohunga o Hāwhe Hīperu, ngā karakia o ngā tohunga o Ēkipa tawhito, me ngā mahi a ngā Asclepiad o Kirihi. I te rautau 18, ka whakaputaina te kaupapa e te Tiamana Franz Mesmer, nāna i whakaputa te ariā o te "animal magnetism". I muri mai, i te rautau 19, ka whakamahia e ngā rata o Peretānia, pērā i James Braid, nāna i tapa te kupu "hypnosis" mai i te kupu Kirihi "hypnos" (te moe). Ka whakawhanakehia he tikanga pūtaiao mō te mahi.
Te Ao Māori me Aotearoa
He hītori roa tonu tō Aotearoa ki ngā momo mahi whakaara hinengaro. Ko ētahi tikanga Māori, pērā i te whiti (te kōwhiringa), te makutu, me te noa, e whai wāhi ana ki te huri i te āhua o te hinengaro, te tinana, me te wairua o te tangata. Ahakoa kāore he kupu Māori tūturu mō "hypnosis", he maha ngā mahi e rite ana te āhua. I te taenga mai o ngā Pākehā, ka kawea mai ētahi tikanga hou. I te timatanga o te rautau 20, ka whakamahia te moe whakaara e ētahi rata i ngā hōhipera o Aotearoa, hei rapa i ngā rongoā mō te mamae, te mate paurangi, me te whakamutunga i te kai tupeka. I te tekau tau 1970, ka whakatūria a The New Zealand Society of Hypnotherapists, he rōpū tuatahi hei whakamana i ngā kaiwhakaora moe whakaara.
Ngā Momo Moe Whakaara
E rua ngā momo matua:
- Te Moe Whakaara Whaiaro (Self-hypnosis): Ko te ako ki te whakauru i a koe anō ki te tūnga moe whakaara, hei whakapai ake i te āhua, te whakapiki i te māia, te whakahaere i te mamae.
- Te Moe Whakaara Tāwāhi (Hetero-hypnosis): Ka ārahina te tangata e tētahi kaiwhakahaere, arā, he kaiwhakaora moe whakaara, he rata, he kaiwhakaora hinengaro rānei.
- Te Moe Whakaara Pāpori (Stage Hypnosis): He mahi whakaari mō te hunga mātakitaki, e whakaatutia ana te mana o te kupu whakahau me te arotahi. He rerekē tēnei i ngā mahi whakaora.
- Te Moe Whakaara Whakaaro Nui (Cognitive Hypnotherapy): He hononga i waenga i te moe whakaara me te hinengaro whakaaro nui, e aro ana ki te huri i ngā whakaaro me ngā whanonga kino.
- Moemoeā Whakahoki (Regression Hypnosis): He tukanga e "whakahokia" ai te tangata ki ngā wheako o mua, ahakoa tamarikitanga, kia mārama ake ai ki ngā pūtake o ētahi raruraru o nāianei.
Rangahau Pūtaiao
He maha ngā whakamātautau pūtaiao kua whakaatu i te hua o te moe whakaara. E whakapono ana ngā kaipūtaiao ko te tino pūtake ko te "theory of dissociation", arā, ka wehewehea tētahi wāhine o te hinengaro, ka noho tahi ki ngā tohutohu a te kaiwhakahaere. E kitea ana ngā huringa i roto i te roro mā te MRI scan. Kua whakaaetia whānuitia e te ao pūtaiao he hua tōna mō te:
- Te whakahaere mamae, hei āwhina i ngā tūroro hōhipera me ngā whakaaetanga.
- Te whakamutunga i ngā mahi kino, pērā i te kai tupeka, te inu waipiro nui.
- Te whakamāmā i te mate pāpōuri, te māharahara, me te raruraru i muri i te trauma (PTSD).
I Aotearoa, kua whai wāhi ētahi whare wānanga, pērā i te Whare Wānanga o Ōtākou, ki ngā rangahau e pā ana ki te hīnoti me te pānga ki te hinengaro.
Ngā Whakamahinga
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te moe whakaara i Aotearoa:
- Hauora Hinengaro: Te whakatau i te māharahara, te pāpōuri, te riri kore mutu, me te whakapiki i te māia.
- Hauora Tinana: Te whakahaere mamae, te whakapiki i te oranga o te puku, te whakamāmā i ngā tohumate pērā i te irritable bowel syndrome.
- Whakamutunga Mahi Kino: Te āwhina ki te whakamutu kai tupeka, whakatika i te kai nui rawa, te moe hē.
- Pai Ake Angitu: Te whakapiki i te whakapono ki a koe anō mō ngā hākinakina, te whai mahi, te ako, me ngā mahi toi.
- Hauora Wairua: Ko ētahi kaiwhakaora moe whakaara e whakamahi ana i te Moemoeā Whakahoki hei tūhura i ngā wheako o mua, hei whakamāmā i ngā pōkaikaha o nāianei.
Te Tūnga Ture i Aotearoa
Kāore he ture motuhake e whakamana ana, e whakatū ana rānei i te umanga moe whakaara i Aotearoa. Heoi anō, kei raro ngā kaiwhakaora moe whakaara i ngā ture ā-umanga whānui.
- Kāore he whakaaetanga a te kāwanatanga hei kaiwhakaora moe whakaara. Ko te nuinga e whai tohu ana i ngā whare wānanga o tāwāhi, i ngā rōpū pērā i Hypnotherapists Registration Board of Aotearoa rānei.
- Me whai Tohu Whakaaetanga Kaiwhakahaere (Practising Certificate) mai i tētahi rōpū whakamana (pērā i te New Zealand Association of Professional Hypnotherapists Inc. te NZAPH) hei whakamana i te whai pūkenga me te matatika.
- Ki te kī he rata, he kaiwhakaora hinengaro rānei te kaiwhakaora, me whai whakaaetanga i raro i te Psychologists Act 1981 me te Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003.
- Ko te Moe Whakaara Whakaari (Stage Hypnosis) kei raro i ngā ture o ia rohe, ā, kāore e whakaaetia mā ngā tamariki te uru atu ki ētahi whakaari.
Ngā Ahurea me ngā Whakaaro
He kaupapa uaua te moe whakaara ki ētahi whakaaro Māori. He maha ngā Māori e whakapono ana ko tētahi wāhine nui o te oranga ko te tapu o te hinengaro me te wairua. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mahia e tētahi tangata e whakawhirinaki ana, e mōhio ana ki te tikanga Māori, ki te reo Māori hoki. Ko te wehi nui ko te tūkinotanga o te wairua, te "whakanoa" i te hinengaro. Heoi, kei te piki haere te mōhiotanga me te whakaaetanga i te moe whakaara hei rautaki hauora hou, ina whakaurua ki roto i te horopaki Māori, e whakaute ana i te tapu o te tangata. Kei te whakamahi ētahi kaiwhakaora Māori i ngā kupu Māori, i ngā whakataukī, i ngā waiata hoki hei wāhine o ā rātou mahi.
Ngā Kaiwhakaora Moe Whakaara Rongonui o Aotearoa
- Dr. Alexander (Sandy) MacFarlane: He rata whānau nō ngā tau 1950, nāna i whakapopularise te mahi moe whakaara mō te whakamutunga kai tupeka puta noa i te motu.
- Terence (Terry) Dowel: He kaituhi, he kaiwhakaako, he kaiwhakahaere o te New Zealand School of Hypnotherapy, nāna i whakapakari te mātauranga moe whakaara i Aotearoa mō te hia tekau tau.
- Kahu Ropata (Ingarihi: Kay Robinson): He kaiwhakaora moe whakaara Māori e akiaki ana i te "Hauora Māori" me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga Māori ki roto i te mahi whakaora, e mahi ana i Te Tai Tokerau.
- Dr. David Kennedy: He tohunga hinengaro (psychologist) nō Pōneke, e whakamahi ana i te moe whakaara mō te whakaora i ngā trauma, ā, kua tuhia e ia he pukapuka mō te kaupapa.
Tirohia hoki
Ngā Pukapuka
- Dowel, T. (2001). Hypnotherapy in New Zealand: A Practical Guide. Auckland: NZ School of Hypnotherapy Press.
- Robinson, K. (2015). Te Hauora Hinengaro: Māori Perspectives on Healing the Mind. Whangārei: Te Whare Wānanga o Te Tai Tokerau.